(Jody Gray): this Blog Post, pertains to the Italian Peninsula which the German Tribes entered in 568. Aistulf became the king of Lombards in 749; in 751, he captured Ravenna and threatened Rome, claiming a capitation tax. The Pope Gregory III asked Pippin the Short, King of the Franks for help and in 753, Pippin defeated Aistulf and gave the Pope the lands which Aistulf had taken. In 770, Desiderata the daughter of Desiderius (who had succeeded Aistulf as King of Lombards) married Charlemagne (who had succeeded Pippin as King of the Franks) -the marriage was annulled in 771. In 774, Charlemagne conquered the Lombards at the invitation of Pope Adrian I and became King of the Lombards (774-781); he passed the kingship of the Lombards to his 3rd son Pippin who ruled from 781-810; his son Bernard ruled from 810-818 (when he was killed). After his death, the kingdom was re-absorbed into the Frankish empire.
https://web.archive.org/web/20110523123243/http://www.germantribes.org/tribes/Lombards/Lombard%20Rulers/kingsline.htm German Tribes. Org. *Non-dynastic kings: Aistulf (749-756) was the duke of Friuli from 744, king of Lombards from 749, and duke of Spoleto from 751. In 751, he captured Ravenna itself and even threatened Rome, claiming a capitation tax. The popes, thoroughly irritated and alarmed, and hopeless of aid from the Byzantine Emperor, turned to the Carolingian mayors of the palace of Austrasia, the effective rulers of the Frankish kingdom. Pope Gregory III asked Pippin the Short, who had been proclaimed king of the Franks in 751 with the consent of Pope Zachary. In gratitude for the papal consent to his coronation, (in 753) Pippin crossed the Alps, defeated Aistulf, and gave the pope the lands which Aistulf had torn from the ducatus Romanus and the exarchate (Emilia-Romagna and the Pentapolis). Aistulf died hunting in 756. He was succeeded by Desiderius as king of the Lombards and by Alboin as duke of Spoleto. He had given Friuli to his brother-in-law Anselm, abbot of Nonantola, whose sister Gisaltruda he had married, when he succeeded to the kingship in 749.
Desiderius (756-774) chiefly known for his connection to Charlemagne, who married his daughter and conquered his realm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderata_of_the_Lombards Desiderata m: Charlemagne, king of the Franks, in 770, probably to form a bond between the otherwise enemy of states of Francia and Lombardy. The marriage was annulled in 771 and this hurt relations with Lombardy, presaging the war of 774. She had no known children and her ultimate fate is unknown. |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombards Lombards; a Germanic people who ruled large parts of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774. Lombard possessions in Italy -the Lombard Kingdom (Neustria, Austria and Tuscia) and the Lombard Duchies of Spoleto and Benevento. |
Carolingian Dynasty - Charlemagne conquered the Lombards in 774 at the invitation of Pope Adrian I. (at first only Neustria, Aquitaine, northern Austrasia), King of the Lombards 774-781, Emperor 800 -in personal union, passed the kingship (of Lombards) to 3rd son Pippin (781-810); Bernard (810-818) when he was killed by a traumatic blinding procedure. After his death, his Kingdom was re-absorbed into the Frankish empire, and soon after bestowed upon Louis’ eldest son Lothair (Louis the Pious, son of Charlemagne, King of the Franks)
Lothair (818-839); Louis II (839-875) -all his territories fell to his brother Charles, who thus could unite the entire East Frankish kingdom…Other References.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kings_of_the_Lombards List of kings of the Lombards. After 568, the Lombard kings sometimes styled themselves as Kings of Italy. After 774, they were not Lombards, but Franks. The Iron Crown of Lombardy was used for the coronation of the Lombard kings and the kings of Italy thereafter for centuries… Charlemagne conquered the Lombards in 774 at the invitation of Pope Adrian I; he passed the kingship to his 3rd son, Pippin in 781… Pipin to Bernard in 810; to Lothair I in 818; to Louis II in 839… which was maintained by subsequent Holy Roman Emperors throughout the Middle Ages. The last Emperor to claim the title was Charles V b. 1500…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Italy King of Italy. In 568, the Lombards entered the peninsula and ventured to recreate a barbarian kingdom in opposition to the Empire, establishing their authority over much of Italy, except the Exarchate of Ravenna and the duchies of Rome, Venetia, Naples and the southernmost portions. In the 8th century, estrangement between the Italians and the Byzantines allowed the Lombards to capture the remaining Roman enclaves in northern Italy. However, in 774, they were defeated by the Franks under Charlemagne, who deposed their king and took up the title “king of the Lombards”. After the death of Charles III the Fat in 887, Italy fell into instability and a number of kings attempted to establish themselves as independent Italian monarchs. During this period, known as the Feudal Anarchy (888-962), the title Rex Italicorum ("King of the Italians" or "King of the Italics") was introduced. After the breakup of the Frankish empire, Otto I added Italy to the Holy Roman Empire and continued to use the title Rex Italicorum. The last to use this title was Henry II (1004-1024). Subsequent emperors used the title “king of Italy” until Charles V...
Blog Post: Timeline, earliest Dynasties in Europe (687-ca. 987) end of Carolingian Dynasty.
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